effect of titanium nitride, carbonitride and carbosulfide precipitates on properties of low alloy steel.

low carbon steel samples were both shot into and inoculated with titanium in order to improve mechanical properties such as strength and toughness. sem observations and x-ray analyses revealed that titanium nitride and titanium carbonitride precipitates being scattered in the ferrite substrate reduce the grain size in all as-cast, heat-treated and as-rolled cases. the growth of the grains at higher temperatures was observed in titanium microallyed samples to be slower than that for the low carbon steel ones. sem stuides showed that titanium carbosulfide inclusions [(ti, fe, mn) c s 1 can be produced in titanium microalloyed specimens instead of manganese sulfide inclusions. titanium carbosulfied inclusions are stiff and, therefore, cannot be deformed even with high deformation processing of the samples. enhancement of the impact shelf energy, toughness and cold formability in the transverse direction is therefore being achieved with addition of titanium into the samples.